Perspective

Iran’s Permanent Membership at SCO: Expectations and Reality
Birkan Kemal ErtanYasir Rashid
Iran was accepted as a permanent member at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Heads of State Summit held in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, on September 17, 2021, upon the proposal of China.

ITI Corridor and Its Importance for the Regional Trade
For Türkiye, in the framework of the “Asia Anew Initiative”, the ITI Corridor, bypassing the Suez Canal, provides safer and shorter access to the Indian Ocean and South Asian markets.
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Iran’s Economic Infiltration on Iraq
After the fall of the Ba’athist regime in 2003, Iraq is of particular importance to Iran not only in the field of political and security but also in the economic sphere.
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Challenges in Online Education in Iran
These challenges, including the provision of online education tools such as laptops, smartphones, Wi-Fi and the Internet, have made online education impossible in many remote areas in Iran.
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PKK in Iran’s Perspective: The Attitudes and The Possibility of a Joint Struggle
The regional equation, along with Iran’s and the PKK’s positioning in this equation, shapes the general characteristic of the Iran-PKK relationship.
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The Terrorist Organization Behind the Curtain: The Madkhali Salafists
First employed by Saudi Arabia against the Al-Sahwa Movement and later expanded for further use, the Madkhali Salafists have become a military organization, as seen in Yemen and Libya.
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Saudi Investment in the East: Implications for Gwadar-Chabahar Rivalry
Ali Haider SaleemArhama SiddiqaMuhammad Abbas Hassan
Notwithstanding their strong position against Iran, the US views Indian investment in Chabahar as a positive sign because it counters China.
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India-Iran-Turkey Strategic Cooperation
Trilateral cooperation with Iran and India offers economic integration for Turkey and helps facilitate it to become one of the world’s top ten economies.
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German-Iranian Economic Relations Under the Shadow of the U.S. Sanctions
After the US withdrawal from JCPOA, and announcements about new sanctions, German-Iran trade volume declined drastically.
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Saudi-Israeli Nexus: Implications for Iran
Muhammad Abbas HassanArhama SiddiqaAsad Ullah Khan
Growing Saudi-Israeli ties and as a result better ties between the Gulf States and Tel Aviv indicate that Iran’s security buffer might be compromised.