With the outbreak of the war on February 28, the nuclear issue has been absorbed into a far broader bargaining environment in which longstanding disputes over sanctions, ballistic missiles, regional influence, and entrenched mutual distrust now intersect with a new set of geopolitical frictions generated by the war itself.

China and Russia, the influential powers in the SCO, have abandoned their reservations in their relations with Iran in recent years and established a more comprehensive relationship.

Iran’s protectionist behaviour in foreign trade to protect the domestic market created problems in the trade of many products within the scope of the PTA.

Since it is essential for France to neutralize its rival China in Iraq, limiting the China-Iran cooperation in the country and integrating Iran into the international community have been the main agenda of the meeting.

Although the Rushdie issue and the Mykonos assassinations created a crisis between Iran and Europe in the past, Europe has chosen diplomacy, and it has a similar tendency today to save the Nuclear Deal.

The prisoner swap agreement between Iran and the USA shows the willingness and determination of both countries to revive the Nuclear Deal.

Iran considers the isolation of Russia by the West due to the Ukraine War as a crucial opportunity to improve relations.

As the Iran-Israel shadow war has escalated regional tensions, Israel is intensifying its operations inside Iran within the 'Octopus Doctrine'

Iran’s harsh statements against Türkiye's potential operation in Syria are damaging the trust between the two countries rather than being a deterrent for Türkiye.