Iran's most important strategic goal in the Horn of Africa is to penetrate the Red Sea outlet, which is perhaps the most important of the global waterways.

Since it is essential for France to neutralize its rival China in Iraq, limiting the China-Iran cooperation in the country and integrating Iran into the international community have been the main agenda of the meeting.

Even though Tehran supports Türkiye’s fight against the terrorist organization PKK on the official level, it makes different engagements in practice.

Due to its national interests, Türkiye remains at an equal distance from two critical states of the Middle East, Saudi Arabia and Iran.

The leaked audio file should be interpreted as a part of the rivalry between conservatives.

Given the reality of the world political economy and the member states' competing agendas, membership in the SCO will not significantly benefit Iran in the international system.

Despite the distance, Iraq is not far from Afghanistan’s spillover effects.

The power vacuum that will emerge in Afghanistan with the withdrawal of the US and NATO raises security concerns for and whets the appetite of many regional actors.

Biden’s announcement to withdraw US troops from Iraq is contrary to the on-ground reality.