In terms of energy (both fossil-based and green), geopolitics, geoeconomics, trade, finance, health and digital security, and media and soft power, China’s influence in the region has been growing in the past two decades.

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (The JCPOA) should be understood in the geopolitical context of Obama’s Pivot to Asia. Obama’s Pivot to Asia was meant to contain China and reduce the American involvement in the MENA region.